Just as they have in manufacturing, defense, aerospace, transportation and dozens of other industries, robots and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing how humans teach and learn. Manifestations of robotic and AI teaching technology can already be seen in the educational sphere. For example, L2TOR is a project funded by the European Union aimed at developing an AI robot capable of helping preschoolers develop basic language skills. Futurist Brian David Johnson sees L2TOR as an early manifestation of a new wave of robotic tools that may become widespread in education. "These sentient tools will take over simple and social tasks that teachers and teaching aids provide today," he says.